Curated Articles
Don't forget to read the blog posts!

As part of the Master of Health Studies program at Athabasca University, I enrolled in the Critical Foundations in Health Disciplines course. Part of the course required that I gather and review information that was useful in having meaningful dialogue with my peers in discussion forums and create blog posts based on weekly topics. Some of the resources were directly used in my blog posts and weekly discussion forums while other resources were informative and assisted in my learning of the weekly topics.
​
Throughout the course, I used several different sources in my content curation including peer reviewed articles, blog posts, websites, YouTube videos, and podcasts. All can be viewed as helpful and informative to any healthcare professional interested in these topics. All of these resources were found using data collection sites such as the Athabasca University Library, Google Scholar, Research Gate, YouTube, Apple Podcasts, and Google Search.
​
In addition to web links, you will also find a pdf document outlining the resources in APA format. Please take the time to enjoy the embedded YouTube videos and podcast episodes. You can also review resources that have been shared by myself and peers by following the #MHST601 on Twitter. Please feel free to leave me a comment or if you have any questions about the resources.
As an autonomous regulated health care professional in Canada, it is my responsibility to practice nursing within my college standards and guidelines as well as government legislation. If you are a nurse in Ontario take the time to familiarize yourself with the resources below.
Professional College

Topic: Inter-professional Connectedness
A review of nursing practice standards surrounding appropriate social media posting guidelines and best practices, with a focus on Canadian and Ontario nursing standards.
​
#contentcuration
#MHST601
Chinn, T., Moore, N., & Inglehearn, A. (2014, November 15). Professionalism Online. Independent Nurse. https://www.independentnurse.co.uk/professional-article/professionalism-online/65984/
College of Nurses of Ontario. [College of Nurses of Ontario CNO]. (2013, September 30). Social Media: Reflect before you post. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VvTpnckfFyk
International Nurse Regulator Collaborative. (2016, December). Social medial use: Common expectations for nurses. https://www.inrc.com/112.htm
Newberry, C. (2020, March 30). How to use social media in healthcare: A guide for health professionals. Hootesuite. https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-health-care/
Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. (n.d.). Social media guidelines for nurses. https://rnao.ca/news/socialmediaguideline
Salmond, S.W., & Echevarria, M. (2017, January). Healthcare transformation and changing roles for nursing. Orthopaedic Nursing, 36(1), 12-25. doi: 10.1097/NOR.0000000000000308
Ventola, C.L. (2014). Social media and health care professionals: Benefits, risks and best practices. Pharmacy and Therapuetics, 39(7), 491-499, 520. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4103576/
What Are You Most Proud Of?
Topic: Federal & Provincial Health System in Canada
A reflection on where I feel I fit within the Canadian healthcare system.
Resources focus on:
-
Advocacy - specifically for patients suffering an acute ischemic stroke
-
Mentorship - specifically for new nursing graduates
Boulander, J.M. et. al. (2018). Canadian stroke best practice recommendations for acute stroke management: Prehospital, emergency department, and acute inpatient stroke care. International Journal of Stroke, 13(9), 949-984. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493018786616
Canadian stroke best practices. (n.d.). Heart and Stroke - Stroke Best Practices. Retrieved October 2020, https://www.strokebestpractices.ca/
Ebrahimi, H., Hassankhani, H., Negarandeh, R., Gillespie, M., & Azizi, A. (2016). Emotional support for new graduated nurses in clinical setting: A qualitative study. Journal of Caring Sciences, 5(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2016.002
Hofler, L. & Thomas, K. (2016). Transition of new graduate nurses to the workforce: Challenges and solutions in the changing health care environment. North Carolina Medical Journal, 77(2), 133-136. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.77.2.133
Parker, V., Giles, M., Lantry, G., & McMillan, M. (2012). New graduate nurses' experiences in their first year of practice. Nurse Education Today, 34(1), 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2012.07.003
Nayak, S.G. (2018). Time management in nursing - hour of need. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(3), 1997- 2000. http://www.internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org/docs/72_nayak_special_11_3_2.pdf

What is Health?
Topic: Health of Canadians - Understanding Health & Determinants of Health
A review of the World Health Organization's 1948 definition of health. Questions surrounding if it is still applicable to current state are explored.
Highlighted resources include:
-
Disability paradox - what is it and how is it applicable?
-
Differing opinions surrounding a new definition of health
-
Health promotion and the Ottawa Charter
​
#whatishealth
#MHST601
Albrecht, G.L., & Devlieger, P.J. (1999). The disability paradox: High quality of life against all odds. Social Science & Medicine 48(8), 977–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00411-0
Bircher, J., & Kuruvilla, S. (2014). Defining health by addressing individual, social, and environmental determinants: New opportunities for health care and public health. Journal of Public Health Policy, 35(3), 363–386. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2014.19
Bradley, K.L., Goetz, T., & Viswanathan, S. (2018). Toward a contemporary definition of health. Military Medicine, 183(supp. 3), 204–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy213
Fellinghauer, B., Reinhardt, J., Stucki, G. , & Bickenbach, J. (2012). Explaining the disability paradox: A cross-sectional analysis of the Swiss general population. BMC Public Health, 12, 655. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-655
Government of Canada. (2008, September 12). What is health? https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/population-health/population-health-approach/what-is-health.html
Huber, M. (2011). Health: How should we define it? BMJ: British Medical Journal, 343(7817), 235-237. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23051314
Kiernan Fallon, C. & Karlawish, J. (2019). Is the WHO definition of health aging well? Frameworks for ‘health’ after three score and ten. American Journal of Public Health, 109(8), 1104-1106. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305177
Let's Learn Public Health. [Let's Learn Public Health]. (2017, March 4). An introduction to health promotion and the Ottawa charter [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2quVLcJVBk&t=20s
Leonardi, F. (2018). The definition of health: Towards new perspectives. International Journal of Health Services, 48(4), 735-748. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731418782653
World Health Organization. (2020). Basic Documents: 49th edition. https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/
What Makes Canadians Healthy (or Sick)?
Topic: Health of Canadians - Understanding Health & Determinants of Health
Social determinants of health (SDH) are reviewed. What are the SDH? How much do Canadians really know and understand about their health and how the SDH play an integral part in health outcomes.
​
#healthdeterminants
#MHST601
Anderman, A. (Host). (2016, August 8). Taking action on social determinants of health. [Audio podcast episode]. CMAJ Podcasts. Canadian Medical Association Journal. https://www.cmaj.ca
​
Bhyat, R. (Host). (2020, July 21). Social determinants of health meet digital health (No. 6) [Audio podcast episode]. In Digital Health InfoCast. https://www.infoway-inforoute.ca/en/what-we-do/podcast-digital-health-infocast
Bryant, T., Raphael, D., Schrecker, R., & Labonte, R. (2011). Canada: A land of missed opportunity for addressing the social determinants of health. Health Policy, 101(1), 44-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.08.022
​
Canadian Council on Social Determinants of Health. (2013, October 23). Communicating the social determinants of health: Guidelines for common messaging. https://www.deslibris.ca/ID/245995
Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2005). Select highlights on public views of the determinants of health. https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/CPHI_Public_Views_FINAL_e.pdf
​
CBC News: The National. (2018, March 5). Canada's struggle to provide healthcare to northern communities [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0stGbq22cL0
Demystifying Medicine. (2018, April 2). Indigenous health in Canada [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeLwBDdbEJc&t=28s
​
Government of Canada. (2020). Social determinants of health and health inequalities. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/population-health/what-determines-health.html
​
Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2019, January 8). The triple aim and the social determinants of health [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtYf0RsSCTs&t=20sr
​
Let’s Learn Public Health. (2020, January 24). Determinants of health: A practical approach [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSguDQRjZv0&t=98s
Lundberg, O. (2020). Next steps in the development of the social determinants of health approach: the need for a new narrative. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 49, 473-479. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494819894789
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2020). Social determinants of health. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2019, January 4). Health inequalities of Canada [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMkBUXJLW9g&t=69s
Raphael, D., Curry-Stevens, A., & Bryant, T. (2008). Barriers to addressing the social determinants of health: Insights from the Canadian experience. Health Policy, 88(2-3), 222-235. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168851008000833
World Health Organization. (2020). Social determinants of health. https://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/
A Multilevel Model of Care for Chronic Disease Management
Topic: Multilevel Approaches to Understanding Health - Beyond the Individual
Exploring different multilevels of health and applying one to a relevant health issue within my practice setting. Reviewed the Chronic Care Model (CCM) and how it applies to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the acute care setting.
Resources below are applicable to:
-
Chronic disease(s) or noncommunicable disease
-
CCM
-
COPD
​
#levelsofinfluence
#MHST601
Barr, V.J., Robinson, S., Marin-Link, B., Underhill, L., Dotts, A., Ravensdale, D., & Salivaras, S. (2003). The expanded chronic care model: An integration of concepts and strategies from population health promotion and chronic care model. Healthcare Quarterly, 7(1), 73-82. http://www.longwoods.com/content/16763
Boehmer, K. R., Abu Dabrh, A. M., Gionfriddo, M.R., Erwin, P., & Montori, V.M. (2018). Does the chronic care model meet the emerging needs of people living with multimorbidity? A systemic review and thematic synthesis. PLoS ONE, 13(2), 1-17. http://0-search.ebscohost.com.aupac.lib.athabascau.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=127877277&site=eds-live
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. (2013). Infographic: Our killer lifestyle. https://www.cbc.ca/liverightnow/tips-and-articles/getting-started/non-communicable-diseases-who.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). About chronic diseases. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm
ClubMates Travel. (2017, September 2). Ed Wagner the chronic care model and integrated care [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmfeFieLIWk
Improving Chronic Illness Care. (2011). The chronic care model. http://www.improvingchroniccare.org/index.php?p=The_Chronic_Care_Model&s=2
Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2020). Changes to improved chronic care. http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Changes/ChangestoImproveChronicCare.aspx
PAHO TV. (2017, April 11). Noncommunicable disease and their risk factors [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK1_SH3X2ek
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013). Preventing chronic disease strategic plan 2013-2016. https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/301/weekly_checklist/2014/internet/w14-10-U-E.html/collections/collection_2014/aspc-phac/HP35-39-2013-eng.pdf
Tillman, P. (2020). Applying the chronic care model in a free clinic. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 16(8), e117-e121. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1555415520303020
Timpel, P., Lang, C., Wens, J., Contel, J.C., & Schwarz, P.E.H. (2020). The manage care model – Developing an evidence-based and expert-driven chronic care management model for patients with diabetes. International Journal of Integrated Care, 20(2), 1-13. http://www.ijic.org/article/10.5334/ijic.4646/
World Health Organization (WHO). (2017, October 18). WHO: Noncommunicable diseases – High-level action needed to meet the SDG’s and beat NCS’s [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWk8XJWEiO4
World Health Organization. (2020). Noncommunicable diseases. https://www.who.int/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases#tab=tab_1
Chronic Disease Prevalence
Topic: Chronic Disease Prevention & Management
As we dive deeper into the discussion of chronic disease and its management, I thought it might be helpful to review chronic disease data in Canada. The data has also been broken down to a provincial and local level.
​
#chronicdisease
#MHST601
Brant County Health Unit. (2019). Brant health atlas. https://www.bchu.org/stats-reports/bchu-reports
CCO. (2019). The burden of chronic diseases in Ontario: Key estimates to support efforts in prevention. https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/c/2019/cdburden-report.pdf?la=en
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). About chronic diseases. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm
Central West LHIN. (2014). FAQ: Ontario’s local health integration networks (LHIN). http://www.centralwestlhin.on.ca/About%20Us/Frequently%20Asked%20Questions/About%20Ontario%20LHINs.aspx
Government of Canada. (2020). Chronic diseases. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/chronic-diseases.html
Hamilton Niagara Haldimand Brant LHIN. (2014). Complex and chronic conditions. http://www.hnhblhin.on.ca/goalsandachievements/integrationpopulationbased/complexandchronicconditions.aspx
Hamilton Niagara Haldimand Brant LHIN. (2014). Key findings from the HNHB LHIN health atlas. http://www.hnhblhin.on.ca/aboutus/geographyanddemographics/HealthAtlas.aspx
Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. (2020). Health system funding reform. http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/ecfa/funding/hs_funding_qbp.aspx
Ontario Hospital Association. (n.d.). Toolkit to support the implementation of quality based procedures. https://www.oha.com/Documents/QBP%20Toolkit.pdf
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013). Preventing chronic disease strategic plan 2013-2016. https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/301/weekly_checklist/2014/internet/w14-10-U-E.html/collections/collection_2014/aspc-phac/HP35-39-2013-eng.pdf
World Health Organization. (2020). Infographic: 9 global targets for noncommunicable diseases for 2015. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/data-and-statistics/infographic-9-global-targets-for-noncommunicable-diseases-for-2025
World Health Organization. (2020). Noncommunicable diseases. https://www.who.int/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases#tab=tab_1
The Need for Air
Topic: Chronic Disease Prevention & Management
A review of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the models of care used to assist with its management. Specifically reviewing the Integrated Comprehensive Care Program developed by St. Joseph's Hospital in Hamilton, Ontario. This model became the cornerstone in its application to chronic disease management programs that were spread throughout the Hamilton Niagara Haldimand Brant LHIN in both acute and primary care settings.
​
#chronicdisease
#MHST601
Ahmadi, N., Mbuagbaw, L., Finley, C., Agzarian, J., Hanna, W.C., & Shargall, Y. (2020). Impact of the integrated comprehensive car program post-thoracic surgery: A propensity score-matched study. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, In press. https://0-doi-org.aupac.lib.athabascau.ca/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.05.095
Albrecht, G.L., & Devlinger, P.J. (1999). The disability paradox: High quality of life against all odds. Social Science & Medicine 48(8), 977–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00411-0
CCO. (2018, 27 August). What is integrated care? Full video [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yT7UQ1SHiMY
​
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Division for heart disease and stroke: About the Cloverdell program. https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/programs/about_pcnasp.htm
Dalimonte, T. (2015). Role clarity of ICC team members SJHC. Internal document: Unpublished.
Flengel, K., & Stanbrook, M.B. (2018). To keep patients with COPD out of hospital, look beyond the lungs. CMAJ, 190(48), E1402-E1403. http://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.181462
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. (2020). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf
Goodwin, N. (2016). Understanding integrated care. International Journal of Integrated Care, 16(4), 6. http://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.2530
Government of Canada. (2018). Data blog: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Canada. https://health-infobase.canada.ca/datalab/copd-blog.html
Guertin, J.R., Bowen, J.M., Gosse, C., Blackhouse, G., O’Reilly, D.J., Baltaga, E., Cox, G., Johnson, D., LeBlanc, B., Joncke, J., Pugsley, S., Sivakumaran, R., Wheatley, L., Smith, K., & Tarride, J-E. (2017). Preliminary results of the adoption and application of the integrated comprehensive care bundle care program when treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7049483
​
Improving Chronic Illness Care. (2011). The chronic care model. http://www.improvingchroniccare.org/index.php?p=The_Chronic_Care_Model&s=2
Mayo Clinic. (2020). COPD. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/symptoms-causes/syc-20353679
Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. (2018). About the Excellent Care for All Act. http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/ecfa/legislation/act.aspx
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2018). Report from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Canada, 2018. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/documents/services/publications/diseases-conditions/asthma-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-canada-2018/pub-eng.pdf
St. Joseph's Health System. (2019, May 9). Impact of integrated comprehensive virtual care [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJxEXc52PlA&feature=emb_logo
St. Joseph’s Health System. (2020). Integrated Comprehensive Care. https://sjhs.ca/integratedcare/icc/
Taylor, L. & Hein, G. (2015). Enabling patients first eHealth in Ontario. [PowerPoint slides]. Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. https://docplayer.net/13159485-Enabling-patients-first-ehealth-in-ontario.html
Titova, E., Steinshamn, S., Inderedavik, B., & Hildur Henriksen, A. (2015). Long term effects of an integrated care intervention on hospital utilization in patients with severe COPD: A single centre controlled study. Respiratory Research, 16(8). http://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-015-0170-1
World Health Organization. (2017). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)
Wheatley, L. (n.d.). Expanding integrated comprehensive care program across HNHB LHIN for patients with COPD and CHF. Internal document: Unpublished.
Wheatley, L. (n.d). Integrated comprehensive care (ICC). [PowerPoint slides]. Unpublished.
Vulnerable Populations: The Indigenous Communities
Topic: Vulnerable Population - Indigenous Health
There is no blog post associated with this section of resources. Instead, I have opted to share resources that I found helpful in understanding and learning more about vulnerable populations; specifically the Indigenous communities of Canada. There is a wealth of information regarding this topic on the internet and I only touched a small part of it. These are a few of the resources that assisted me in gaining a better understanding of these communities, what this population has endured as part of Canadian history, and its lasting impact on Indigenous health. I have also included some free online courses that are being offered to assist Canadians in educating themselves on the history of the Indigenous peoples of this country.
​
#indigenoushealth
#MSHT601
Allen, B. & Smylie, J. (2015). First peoples, second class treatment: The role of racism in the health and wellbeing of Indigenous peoples in Canada. Toronto, ON: the Wellesley Institute. https://www.wellesleyinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Summary-First-Peoples-Second-Class-Treatment-Final.pdf
Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. (2016). Child poverty rates in Canada. https://www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/facts-infographics/infographics-shameful-neglect
Czyzewski, K. (2011). Colonialism as a broader social determinant of health. The International Indigenous Policy Journal, 2(1).
Goldman, Dr. B. (Host). (2020, November 27). Fear of racism deters many Indigenous people from seeking medical treatment, says health-care leader [Audio podcast episode]. White Coat, Black Art by CBC Radio. CBC Radio. https://www.cbc.ca/listen/live-radio/1-75-white-coat-black-art/clip/15811292-fear-racism-deters-many-indigenous-people-seeking-medical
Goldman, Dr. B. (Host). (2020, November 13). Cultural safety: Making healthcare safe for Indigenous patients [Audio podcast episode]. White Coat, Black Art by CBC Radio. CBC Radio. https://www.cbc.ca/listen/live-radio/1-75-white-coat-black-art/clip/15808363-cultural-safety-making-health-care-safe-indigenous-patients
​
Government of Canada. (2020). Ending long-term drinking water advisories. https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1506514143353/1533317130660
Government of Canada. (2020). Indigenous services Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/indigenous-services-canada.html
Government of Canada. (2020). Jordan’s principle. https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1568396042341/1568396159824
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
Johnson, F. (Host). (2020, June 21). How the Indian Act continues to impact the lives of First Nation people [Audio podcast episode]. Unreserved with Falen Johnson. CBC Radio. https://www.cbc.ca/listen/live-radio/1-105-unreserved/clip/15783371-how-indian-act-continues-impact-lives-first-nation
​
Richmond, C.A.M. & Cook, C. (2016). Creating conditions for Canadian aboriginal health equity: The promise of healthy public policy. Public Health Review, 37(1), 1-16. https://publichealthreviews.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40985-016-0016-5
TEDx Talks. (2015, June 5). The impact of residential schools on Aboriginal healthcare: Dawn Tisdale [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMvn_mSsykE
TEDx Talks. (2016, April 13). Indigenous knowledge to close gaps in Indigenous health: Marcia Anderson-DeCoteau [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpKjtujtEYI
TEDx Talks. (2020, April 8). Decolonizing substance use and addiction: Len Pierre [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j95ayhyadNE
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). TRC Findings. https://www.trc.ca/about-us/trc-findings.html
Vice on TV. (2017, February 17). Indigenous peoples in the Canadian residential schools: RISE [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QMZaOVOin8
Wilk, P., Maltby, A. & Cooke, M. (2017). Residential schools and the effects on Indigenous health and well-being in Canada—a scoping review. Public Health Reviews, 1(8). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-017-0055-6
Wylie, L. & McConkey, S. (2019). Insiders’ insight: Discrimination against Indigenous peoples through the eyes of health care professionals. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 6(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-018-0495-9
ONLINE COURSES:
Aboriginal Worldviews & Education. The University of Toronto. [Free]. https://www.coursera.org/learn/aboriginal-education?ranMID=40328&ranEAID=D8u8CTDRU0o&ranSiteID=D8u8CTDRU0o-gNbE8lyyXamYmggh6LjBjg&siteID=D8u8CTDRU0o-gNbE8lyyXamYmggh6LjBjg&utm_content=10&utm_medium=partners&utm_source=linkshare&utm_campaign=D8u8CTDRU0o
Indigenous Canada. The University of Alberta. [Free]. https://www.ualberta.ca/admissions-programs/online-courses/indigenous-canada/index.html
Indigenous Relationship and Cultural Safety Courses. Cancer Care Ontario. [Free]. https://www.cancercareontario.ca/en/resources-first-nations-inuit-metis/first-nations-inuit-metis-courses



Vulnerable Populations
Topic: Vulnerable Populations - Groups & Health in Canada
Vulnerable populations encompass many groups. During my research it has been noted that vulnerable groups include (not an exhaustive list):
-
Indigenous people
-
Racialized groups
-
Homeless individuals
-
Refugees and newcomers to Canada
-
Temporary Foreign Workers/Seasonal Agricultural Workers
-
LGBTQIA+
-
People with disabilities
-
Specific age group populations (i.e. children & seniors)
There is a wealth of information on vulnerable populations in Canada. Please see some of the resources I have found that explore these topics.
​
#vulnerablegroups
#MHST601
Indigenous Peoples:
Please see the previous resource list for further information.
Homeless Individuals:
Government of Canada. (2020). Reaching home: Canada’s homelessness strategy directives. https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/programs/homelessness/directives.html
Specific Age Group Populations:
Canadian Geriatrics Society. (2013). Addressing health care needs of frail seniors in Canada. http://canadiangeriatrics.ca/2013/12/volume-3-issue-1-addressing-health-care-needs-for-frail-seniors-in-canada/
CBC News: The National. (2015, June 29). Seniors going bankrupt [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvDBlEeCgTY
Government of Canada. (2014). Action for seniors report. https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/programs/seniors-action-report.html
Giguere, A.M., Farmanova, E., Holroyd-Leduc, J.M., Straus, S.E., Urquhart, R., Carnovale, V., Breton, E., Guo, S., Maharaj, N., Durand, P.J., Legare, F., Turgeon, A., & Aubin, M. (2018). Key stakeholders’ views on the quality of care and services available to frail seniors in Canada. BMC Geriatric, 18. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-018-0969-y
Stall, Dr. N. & Savage, Dr. R. (Hosts). (2019, April 29). Loneliness in older adults [Audio podcast episode]. CMAJ Podcasts. Canadian Medical Association Journal. https://soundcloud.com/cmajpodcasts
Temporary Foreign Workers/Seasonal Agricultural Workers:
Binford, A. (2019). Assessing temporary foreign worker programs through the prism of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program: Can they be reformed or should they be eliminated? Dialectical Anthropology, 43(4), 347-366. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-019-09553-6
Bosak, T., Belanger, D., & rivas, E. (2014). Reproducing deportability: Migrant agricultural workers in South-Western Ontario. Journal of Ethnic and Migration, 40(9), 1394-1413. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.849566
Global News. (2020, July 4). Coronavirus: What more can be done to protect migrant workers? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6xVwnSgDtI
National Post. (2018, February 28). Temporary foreign workers vulnerable to predatory recruiters [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwQURbKP4I8
Roberts, S.E. (2020). The bureaucratic and political work of immigration classifications: An analysis of the temporary foreign workers program and access to settlement services in Canada. Journal of International Migration and Integrations, 21(3), 973-992. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-019-00693-w
LGBTQIA+:
The 519. (n.d.). LGBTQ2S youth homelessness in Canada. https://www.the519.org/education-training/lgbtq2s-youth-homelessness-in-canada/in-canada
Logie, C.H., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Lee-Foon, N., Ryan, S., & Ramsay, H. (2016). It’s for us – newcomers, LGBT persons and HIV positive persons. You feel free to be”: A qualitative study exploring social support group participation among African and Caribbean lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender newcomers and refugees in Toronto, Canada. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 16(18). http://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-016-0092-0
Refugees and Newcomers to Canada:
Canadian Mental Health Association & Children’s Aid Society of Toronto. (2014). Hidden in our midst: Homeless newcomer youth in Toronto – uncovering the supports to prevent and reduce homelessness. https://www.camh.ca/-/media/files/pdfs---reports-and-books---research/hidden-in-our-midst-final-report_nov-2014-pdf.pdf?la=en&hash=87C350AC2E644F8AD933F6AB2542CF2FB6E768CF
Kandula, N.R., Kersey, M., & Lurie, N. (2004). Assuring the health of immigrants: What the leading health indicators tell us. Annual Review of Public Health, 25(1), 357-376. https://0-www-annualreviews-org.aupac.lib.athabascau.ca/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.123107
​
Miscellaneous:
Jutras, M. (2016). How are Canada's doctors being trained to address the needs of marginalized populations across the spectrum of medical education? UBC Medical Journal, 7(2), 42-43. http://0-search.ebscohost.com.aupac.lib.athabascau.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=114346370&site=eds-live
Mack, C. for The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons. (n.d.). Research involving vulnerable populations. https://www.royalcollege.ca/rcsite/bioethics/cases/section-8/research-involving-vulnerable-populations-e


From Farm to Table
Topic: Vulnerable Populations - Groups & Health in Canada
This post takes an in-depth look at one of Canada's vulnerable populations: Temporary Foreign Workers. I have focused specifically on the Season Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) and the seasonal workers who provide food for both nationally and internationally. The COVID19 pandemic has cast a spotlight on this group of people as they have been at the centre of some of the larger COVID19 outbreaks in Ontario. Learn more about the SAWP, how seasonal workers are treated, and what needs to change.
​
#vulnerablegroups
#MHST601
Alberta Civil Liberties Research Centre. (n.d.). What is the Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP)? http://www.aclrc.com/questionsanswers
Binford, A. (2019). Assessing temporary foreign worker programs through the prism of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program: Can they be reformed or should they be eliminated? Dialectical Anthropology, 43(4), 347-366. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-019-09553-6
Bosak, T., Belanger, D., & Rivas, E. (2014). Reproducing deportability: Migrant agricultural workers in South-Western Ontario. Journal of Ethnic and Migration, 40(9), 1394-1413. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.849566
Brassard, C. (Host). (2020, June 3). Migrant farm workers are dying of COVID-19. What’s being done to stop the spread? [Audio podcast episode]. The Big Story. Rogers Media. https://thebigstorypodcast.ca/2020/06/30/covid-migrant-farm-workers/
Craggs, S. (2020). Don’t be racist towards farm workers with COVID-19 says Brantford’s health unit. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/brant-1.5600779
Goldman, Dr. B. (Host). (2020, November 20). Canada’s migrant farm workers, COVID19 and a clinic-on-wheels [Audio podcast episode]. White Coat Black Art on CBC Radio. CBC Radio. https://www.cbc.ca/listen/live-radio/1-75-white-coat-black-art
​
Gupta, J. (Host). (2020, July 26). Understanding migrant farm workers rights [Audio podcast episode]. The Pulse. Accessible Media Inc. https://the-pulse-on-ami-audio.simplecast.com/episodes/understanding-migrant-farm-workers-rights-HIDSvsZ6
Haley, E., Caxaj, S., George, G., Hennebry, J.L., Martell, E., & McLaughlin, J. (2020). Migrant farmworkers face heightened vulnerabilities during COVID-19. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9(3), 35-39. https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2020.093.016
Justice for Migrant Workers. (n.d.) The seasonal agricultural workers' program. https://www.justicia4migrantworkers.org/
Molyneaux Law. (2019). Migrant worker’s rights: How does Ontario law protect temporary foreign workers? https://www.molylaw.com/2019/07/migrant-workers-rights-ontario/
Roberts, S.E. (2019). The bureaucratic and political work of immigration classifications: An analysis of the temporary foreign worker program and access to settlement services in Canada. Journal of International Migration and Integrations, 21(3), 973-992. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-019-00693-w
Stastna, K. (2012). Canada’s migrant farm worker system – what works and what’s lacking. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-s-migrant-farm-worker-system-what-works-and-what-s-lacking-1.1142489
Statistics Canada. (2019). Agricultural sector workers from the Temporary Foreign Workers Program, 2015. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/190708/dq190708a-eng.htm
TVO Docs. (2019, March 19). Migrant dreams [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_8bjt37xYo&list=WL&index=7
W5. (2020, September 26). W5: Tough times for Canada’s invisible migrant workforce [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyhKWBlXmzs&list=WL&index=6

Innovations in Healthcare: Telemedicine
Topic: Future Directions - The Future of Health & Healthcare in Canada
Healthcare is evolving and in a constant state of change. Some change initiatives are fairly new and some have been around for a while. Some innovations in healthcare have been imperative with the arrival of the COVID19 pandemic. Business as usual was no longer the norm and healthcare practitioners needed to be forward-thinking in ways to serve their patients. Telemedicine has seen increasing popularity in the wake of COIVD19. The future of telemedicine is limitless and as more healthcare practitioners use this technology we are bound to see a shift in how patients are assessed and treated moving forward.
​
#FutureHealth
#MHST601
Appireddy, R., Jalini, S., Shukla, G., Boisse Lomax, L. (2020). Tacking the burden of neurological diseases in Canada with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 47(5), 594-97. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.92
CNBC. (2020, May 17). Is telemedicine the future of healthcare? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLp6U5mUMQQ
Krausz, M., Westenberg, J.N., Vigo, D., Trafford Spence, R., & Ramsey, D. (2020). Emergency response to COVID-19 in Canada: Platform development and implementation for e-health in crisis management. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.2196/18995
O’Gorman, L.D., Hogenbirk, J.C. & Warry, W. (2016). Clinical telemedicine utilization in Ontario over the Ontario Telemedicine Network. Telemedicine Journal and E-Health, 22(6), 473-79. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2015.0166
OTN. Care Connected. (2020). Ontario Telehealth Network. Retrieved 2020, November 29 from https://otn.ca/
​
Q Media Solutions. (2015, July 3). OTN Hub – Ontario Telemedicine Network [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJR_Ibpz9Xs
Ramaswamy, A., Yu, M., Drangsholt, S., Ng, E., Culligan, P.J., Schlegel, P.N., & Hu, J.C. (2020). Patient satisfaction with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: Retrospective cohort study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9). https://doi.org/10.2196/20786
Sanders, K.A., Patel, R., Kiely, J.M., Gwynn, M.W., & Johnston, L.H. (2016). Improving telestroke treatment times in an expanding network of hospitals. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 25(2), 288-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.09.030

Twitter Chat: Future Health
Topic: Future Directions - The Future of Health and Healthcare in Canada
For the final week of #MHST601, we participated in a Twitter chat. The focus was on answering questions regarding future health initiatives, what barriers do we foresee within future health trends and how do patients impact health trends in Canada.
#FutureHealth
#MHST601
​
Q1: What #FutureHealth trends have you noticed in your own professional discipline? #MHST601
A1: #FutureHealth trends for #nurses in Ontario include an expanded scope of practice. Proposed changes outlined in the @collegeofnurses document. #MHST601
College of Nurses of Ontario. (2020). Scope of practice – proposed changes. https://www.cno.org/en/learn-about-standards-guidelines/scope-of-practice--proposed-changes/
​
Q2: What previously identified trends/guidelines are still being unmet in your discipline, years after those recommendations have been made? #MHST601 #FutureHealth
A2: Computerized physician order entry has been shown to reduce adverse drug events and medication errors yet most organizations continue to use paper orders & prescriptions. #illegiblehandwriting #patientsafety #futurehealth #MHST601
Devine, E.B., Hansen, R.N., Wilson-Norton, J.L., Lawless, N.M., Fisk, A.W., Blough, D.K., Martin, D.P., & Sullivan, S.D. (2010). The impact of computerized provider order entry on medication errors in a multispecialty group practice. Journal of the American Informatics Association, 17(1), 78-84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995630/
​
Q3: What are the current (or foreseeable) barriers to implementing #FutureHealth trends in your discipline?
A3: #Burnoutsyndrome is an issue affecting a large number of HCP. Change is inevitable but without an engaged and satisfied workforce, implementation of #FutureHealth initiatives is going to be challenging and may not be sustained. #MHST601
Bridgeman, P.J., Barna Bridgeman, M., & Barone, J. (2018). Burnout syndrome among healthcare professionals. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 7(3), 147-152. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp170460
​
Q4: Does consumerism have a role within the healthcare system? Should it? #MHST601 #FutureHealth
A4: PRO – Consumerism can lend to innovation & technological advancement.
CON – Can also increase healthcare spending costs but may not demonstrate higher quality care or increased patient satisfaction. #MHST601 #FutureHealth
Coughlan, R. (2006). The social psychology of health care: Consumerism, technology and the “Public Good”. Health Psychology, 3(1), 52-56. https://mdprogram.mcmaster.ca/docs/default-source/MUMJ-Library/v3_52-56-consumerism-technology-health-psychology.pdf?sfvrsn=0
​
Q5: Has the role of the patient/client changed within your practice (or discipline)?
​
A5: Engaging patients & families in the day to day operations has increased with the inclusion of Patient Family Advisors. PFA’s are part of committees contributing to the development of policies & procedures. #partnership #CFCC #MHST601
​
Goodridge, D., Isinger, T., & Rotter, T. (2018). Patient family advisors’ perspectives on engagement in health-care quality improvement initiatives: Power and partnership. Health Expectations, 21(1), 379-386. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/hex.12633
​
Q6: What #FutureHealth trends appeal the most to you and why? (Not limited to your own discipline) #MHST601
​
A6: Increased collaboration between acute, primary & community care with the launch of Ontario Health Teams. Interested in learning more about OHT's approach to integrated care and how that will impact patient care #FutureHealth #MHST601
Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. (2019). Become an Ontario health team. http://health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/connectedcare/oht/
Q7: Has COVID19 changed your outlook on #FutureHealth? If so, how?
A7: One thing that I feel acute care was able to successfully demonstrate during COVID-19 was focus on pandemic planning. Organizations united to develop policies and procedures that forced us to look closely at current practices, be forward-thinking, and innovative. #MHST601
Government of Canada. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic guidance for the health care sector. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/health-professionals/covid-19-pandemic-guidance-health-care-sector.html
The Final Chapter
Topic: Integrated Analysis of a Health Issue in Canada
For my final blog post of the Master of Health Study course Critical Foundations in Health Disciplines, I reflect on the knowledge I have gained through analyzing research, participating in fulsome discussions with peers through forum posts, and sharing that knowledge through my e-Portfolio. By consolidating the course resources and information, I was able to reflect on how the course has provided me with foundational knowledge and tools that I am able to use in my practice setting moving forward.
#MHST601
Athabasca University. (2019). Master of health studies (MHST) 601 Critical Foundations in Health Disciplines. https://www.athabascau.ca/syllabi/mhst/mhst601.php
Canadian Nurses Association. (2020). Policy and advocacy. https://www.cna-aiic.ca/en/policy-advocacy
​
CCO. (2019). The burden of chronic diseases in Ontario: Key estimates to support efforts in prevention. https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/c/2019/cdburden-report.pdf?la=en
​
College of Nurses of Ontario. (2002). Practice Standard: Professional Standards. www.cno.org
​
Guertin, J.R., Bowen, J.M., Gosse, C., Blackhouse, G., O’Reilly, D.J., Baltaga, E., Cox, G., Johnson, D., LeBlanc, B., Joncke, J., Pugsley, S., Sivakumaran, R., Wheatley, L., Smith, K., & Tarride, J-E. (2017). Preliminary results of the adoption and application of the integrated comprehensive care bundle care program when treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7049483
Haley, E., Caxaj, S., George, G., Hennebry, J.L., Martell, E., & McLaughlin, J. (2020). Migrant farmworkers face heightened vulnerabilities during COVID-19. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9(3), 35-39. https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2020.093.016
​
Hamilton Niagara Haldimand Brant LHIN. (2014). Complex and chronic conditions. http://www.hnhblhin.on.ca/goalsandachievements/integrationpopulationbased/complexandchronicconditions.aspx
​
Hansen, T. (2020). How COVID-19 could destroy Indigenous communities. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200727-how-covid-19-could-destroy-indigenous-communities
Huber, M. (2011). Health: How should we define it? BMJ: British Medical Journal, 343(7817), 235-237. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23051314
​
Improving Chronic Illness Care. (2011). The chronic care model. http://www.improvingchroniccare.org/index.php?p=The_Chronic_Care_Model&s=2
Kelly, C.J., & Young, A.J. (2017). Promoting innovation in healthcare. Future Healthcare Journal, 4(2), 121-125. https://doi.org/10.7861/futurehosp.4-2-121
Kiernan Fallon, C. & Karlawish, J. (2019). Is the WHO definition of health aging well? Frameworks for ‘health’ after three score and ten. American Journal of Public Health, 109(8), 1104-1106. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305177
Leonardi, F. (2018). The definition of health: Towards new perspectives. International Journal of Health Services, 48(4), 735-748. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731418782653
Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. (2018). Regulated Health Professions. www.health.gov.on.ca
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2020). Social determinants of health. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health
Ontario Telehealth Network. (2020). About OTN. https://otn.ca/about/
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013). Preventing chronic disease strategic plan 2013-2016. https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/301/weekly_checklist/2014/internet/w14-10-U-E.html/collections/collection_2014/aspc-phac/HP35-39-2013-eng.pdf
Six Nations of the Grand. (2020). New timeline to begin restricting access to the Six Nations Community. http://www.sixnations.ca/PressRelease_NewTimelinetoBeginRestrictingAccesstotheSixNationsCommunity.pdf
United Nations. (2020). COVID-19 and Indigenous people. https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/covid-19.html#:~:text=Indigenous%20peoples%20experience%20a%20high,systems%2C%20and%20adequate%20health%20and
World Health Organization. (2018). Social determinants of health. https://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/
World Health Organization. (2020). Basic Documents: 49th edition. https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/
